A high temperature
A raised temperature can be linked to several health issues. It's advisable to seek advice from a healthcare professional if you have this symptom.
When to seek medical help
If your a high temperature is severe, sudden, or accompanied by other concerning symptoms, seek urgent medical attention. Always consult a healthcare professional if you are concerned.
Conditions related to a high temperature
Acute cholecystitis
Acute cholecystitis refers to the inflammation of the gallbladder, commonly triggered by a gallstone obstructing the cystic duct.
Appendicitis
Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix, a small pouch connected to the large intestine. Symptoms typically include sharp pain in the lower right abdomen, which may start around the navel and then move to the right side. Other signs can include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, fever, and abdominal swelling. If you suspect you have appendicitis, it’s important to seek medical attention promptly. A healthcare professional will conduct an examination and may order imaging tests, such as an ultrasound or CT scan, to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment usually involves an appendectomy, which is the surgical removal of the appendix. This procedure can be done through open surgery or minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery. In some cases, antibiotics may be prescribed if the appendicitis is mild or if surgery is not immediately necessary. Complications can arise if appendicitis is left untreated, including a ruptured appendix, which can lead to serious infections within the abdominal cavity, known as peritonitis. Timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent these complications and ensure a full recovery.
Aspergillosis
Learn more about aspergillosis, which refers to a range of conditions brought on by a type of mould known as aspergillus.
Brain abscess
A brain abscess is a pus-filled mass located within the brain. This condition is uncommon and can be life-threatening, typically resulting from an infection or a serious head injury.
Breast abscess
Breast abscesses are localized collections of pus that can develop in the breast tissue. Common symptoms include swelling, redness, and warmth in the affected area, along with pain and tenderness. You may also notice a lump that feels firm or engorged, and in some cases, there can be discharge from the nipple. If you suspect you have a breast abscess, it's important to seek medical advice. You can visit your GP, who may refer you to a specialist for further evaluation. In some cases, you may need to go to a breast clinic for more focused care. Treatment typically involves draining the abscess, which can be done in a clinic or hospital setting. This procedure helps to remove the pus and relieve pressure. In addition, antibiotics may be prescribed to help clear any underlying infection. Breast abscesses can be caused by various factors, including infections, blocked milk ducts, or even trauma to the breast. Women who are breastfeeding are particularly at risk, but abscesses can occur in anyone. Understanding the causes and symptoms can help in seeking prompt treatment and preventing complications.
Bronchitis
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from your lungs. The main symptoms include a persistent cough, production of mucus, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest discomfort. To alleviate these symptoms, you can try staying hydrated, using a humidifier, and avoiding irritants like smoke or strong fumes. If you're looking for support, your GP or a pharmacist can provide advice and treatment options. Treatment for bronchitis may involve rest, increased fluid intake, and sometimes medications such as bronchodilators or corticosteroids, depending on the severity and cause of your condition.
Brucellosis
Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria from the Brucella genus, often linked to livestock. It can be contracted through direct contact with infected animals or by consuming unpasteurised dairy products. Symptoms of brucellosis can vary but typically include fever, sweats, fatigue, headaches, muscle pain, and joint pain. Some individuals may also experience gastrointestinal issues like nausea and vomiting. If you suspect you have brucellosis, it’s essential to seek medical advice promptly. Your doctor may recommend blood tests to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment usually involves a course of antibiotics, which may last several weeks. It's crucial to complete the entire prescribed course to ensure the infection is fully eradicated. Early treatment can help prevent complications and improve recovery time.
Chest infection
Learn about chest infections, including their symptoms, self-care measures, and how a pharmacist or GP can assist you. Typically, a chest infection will resolve on its own within 7 to 10 days.
Chickenpox
Discover more about chickenpox, a highly contagious infection that results in a bothersome, itchy rash with spots.
Common cold
The common cold is a viral infection that primarily affects the upper respiratory system. Symptoms typically include a runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, cough, sneezing, headaches, and sometimes a mild fever. Colds are usually caused by rhinoviruses and can be easily transmitted from person to person, often through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes, or by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and then touching the face. Treatment for a cold mainly focuses on relieving symptoms, as there is no cure for the virus itself. Over-the-counter remedies like decongestants, antihistamines, and pain relievers can help alleviate discomfort. It's important to stay hydrated and get plenty of rest to support your immune system. To reduce the risk of catching a cold, practice good hygiene by washing your hands regularly, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and refraining from touching your face. Keeping your living space clean and well-ventilated can also help prevent the spread of cold viruses.
Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) infection
Learn about Clostridioides difficile, commonly referred to as C. difficile or C. diff. This bacterium can lead to a range of symptoms, primarily affecting the digestive system. Key symptoms include severe diarrhoea, abdominal pain, fever, and nausea. Certain groups of people are at a higher risk of infection, particularly those who have recently taken antibiotics, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Treatment typically involves antibiotics specifically designed to combat C. difficile, and in more severe cases, additional interventions may be necessary to manage complications.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Discover more about cytomegalovirus (CMV), a widespread virus that is typically harmless but can lead to complications for newborns.
Dental abscess
Learn more about dental abscesses, including the signs to look out for, when you should seek medical attention, the treatment options available, and ways to prevent them.
Dengue
Dengue is a viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes. It is primarily found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Common symptoms include high fever, severe headaches, pain behind the eyes, joint and muscle pain, rash, and mild bleeding. If you experience these symptoms, especially after being in an area where dengue is prevalent, it's important to seek medical assistance. To reduce your risk of dengue, you can take preventive measures such as using mosquito repellent, wearing long sleeves and trousers, and ensuring your living environment is free from standing water where mosquitoes breed.
Ear infections
Ear infections are quite prevalent, especially among children. You can learn how to alleviate the symptoms on your own and understand when it’s necessary to seek medical assistance.
Perforated eardrum
A perforated eardrum, also known as a tympanic membrane perforation, occurs when there is a hole or tear in the eardrum. This can lead to various symptoms, including ear pain, hearing loss, fluid drainage from the ear, and sometimes ringing in the ears (tinnitus). If you experience severe ear pain, significant hearing loss, or if fluid is leaking from your ear, it's important to seek medical attention promptly. Additionally, if you notice any signs of infection, such as fever or increased swelling, you should contact a healthcare professional. Treatment for a perforated eardrum varies depending on the severity of the tear and its cause. In many cases, small perforations can heal on their own within a few weeks. However, if the tear is larger or does not heal properly, a doctor may recommend treatments such as antibiotics to prevent infection or a surgical procedure called tympanoplasty to repair the eardrum. Common causes of a perforated eardrum include middle ear infections, sudden changes in air pressure (such as during flying or scuba diving), loud noises, or trauma to the ear. It's important to protect your ears and seek advice if you suspect you have a perforated eardrum.
Epiglottitis
Epiglottitis is a condition in which the epiglottis, the small flap of tissue that covers the windpipe during swallowing, becomes inflamed and swollen. This swelling can obstruct the windpipe, leading to breathing difficulties.
Erythema multiforme
Erythema multiforme is a condition that causes red patches or spots on the skin, often resembling target shapes. These lesions may appear on various parts of the body, including the arms, legs, and face. Common symptoms include itching, burning, or tenderness in the affected areas, and in more severe cases, blistering may occur. It’s important to seek medical attention if you notice symptoms, especially if they develop quickly or are accompanied by other signs like fever, sore throat, or difficulty swallowing. This could indicate a more serious condition that requires prompt treatment. Treatment for erythema multiforme typically focuses on managing symptoms and addressing any underlying causes. In mild cases, over-the-counter antihistamines or topical corticosteroids may help relieve discomfort. If the condition is more severe or recurrent, your doctor might prescribe stronger medications, such as oral corticosteroids or immunosuppressants, to help reduce inflammation. Always consult a healthcare professional for personalised advice and treatment options.
Food poisoning
Food poisoning is an illness caused by consuming contaminated food or drink. Symptoms typically include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach cramps, and sometimes fever. These symptoms can appear within hours or days after eating contaminated food. If you suspect you have food poisoning, it’s important to stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, such as water or clear broths. You can also rest and avoid solid foods until you feel better. Gradually reintroducing bland foods like toast, rice, or bananas can help as you recover. However, you should seek medical attention if your symptoms are severe or persistent, if you experience signs of dehydration (such as dark urine or dizziness), or if you have a high fever. Vulnerable groups, including young children, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems, should also consult a doctor sooner. Food poisoning can be caused by various factors, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites found in improperly cooked or stored food. Common culprits include raw or undercooked meat, unwashed fruits and vegetables, and contaminated water. Practising good hygiene and food safety can help prevent these illnesses.
Rubella (german measles)
Rubella, commonly known as German measles, is a contagious viral infection that can have serious implications, especially for pregnant women. The symptoms typically appear two to three weeks after exposure and may include a distinctive red rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body, mild fever, and swollen lymph nodes. Other signs can include cold-like symptoms, such as a runny nose and sore throat. If you suspect you have rubella, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional for advice and management. They may recommend rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications to alleviate discomfort. Most cases are mild, but it is crucial to avoid contact with pregnant women, as rubella can lead to severe complications for the unborn child. Catching rubella during pregnancy can result in serious health risks, including congenital rubella syndrome, which can cause birth defects such as heart problems, hearing impairments, and developmental delays. Therefore, vaccination before pregnancy is strongly advised to prevent the infection. If you are pregnant and think you may have been exposed to rubella, seek medical advice immediately.
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is a type of bacteria that can lead to serious infections, particularly in young children. It is known to cause a variety of illnesses, including meningitis, pneumonia, and epiglottitis, which is an inflammation of the throat that can obstruct breathing. Symptoms of Hib infections can vary depending on the type of illness but may include high fever, headache, stiff neck, difficulty breathing, and a sore throat. The bacteria are typically spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. While Hib was once a common cause of severe illness in children, the introduction of the Hib vaccine has significantly reduced the incidence of these infections. Vaccination is the best way to prevent Hib disease. The Hib vaccine is usually given to infants as part of their routine immunisations, typically at two, four, and twelve to fifteen months of age. This vaccine has proven to be highly effective in protecting against infections caused by Hib.
Hand, foot and mouth disease
Hand, foot and mouth disease is a common viral infection that primarily affects young children, though it can occur in adults as well. The condition is characterised by sores in the mouth and a rash on the hands and feet. Symptoms typically include fever, sore throat, and a general feeling of being unwell, followed by painful mouth ulcers and a rash that may appear as red spots or blisters. Treatment for hand, foot and mouth disease mainly focuses on relieving symptoms, as the illness usually resolves on its own within a week or so. Over-the-counter pain relievers such as paracetamol can help ease discomfort, and staying hydrated is important. Soft foods and cool liquids may be easier to swallow if mouth sores are present. It’s advisable to seek medical attention if you notice severe symptoms, such as high fever, difficulty swallowing, signs of dehydration, or if the condition does not improve after a few days. Consulting a healthcare professional is also important if you are concerned about the severity of the symptoms or if the affected individual is very young, has a weakened immune system, or is experiencing unusual symptoms.
Heat exhaustion and heatstroke
Heat exhaustion and heatstroke occur when your body overheats, and both can be quite serious. These conditions typically arise during a heatwave or in hot climates, but they can also result from engaging in very strenuous exercise.
Hepatitis
Hepatitis refers to the inflammation of the liver. Learn about the symptoms, causes, various types, and when it's important to seek medical attention.
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A is a viral infection that primarily affects the liver. It is caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), which is typically transmitted through contaminated food or water, or through close contact with an infected person. Prevention is key when it comes to hepatitis A. Vaccination is highly effective in preventing the infection, and it is recommended for individuals at higher risk, such as travellers to certain countries, and those with specific health conditions. Practising good hygiene, such as thorough handwashing with soap and water, especially after using the toilet and before handling food, can also help reduce the risk of infection. Symptoms of hepatitis A can vary in severity and may include fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and jaundice, which is a yellowing of the skin and eyes. These symptoms usually appear two to six weeks after exposure to the virus and can last for several weeks. Most people recover from hepatitis A without requiring specific treatment, as the body typically clears the virus on its own. Rest, hydration, and a healthy diet can help support recovery. In rare cases, particularly in older adults or those with pre-existing liver conditions, hepatitis A can lead to more serious complications that may require medical attention.
HIV and AIDS
Learn about the signs and symptoms of HIV and AIDS, the treatments that are accessible, and the ways to prevent both contracting and transmitting the infection.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver and can lead to both acute and chronic diseases. It is transmitted through contact with the blood or other bodily fluids of an infected person. Common routes of transmission include unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing needles, and from mother to baby during childbirth. Symptoms of hepatitis B can vary. Some individuals may experience mild symptoms or none at all, while others may develop more severe signs such as fatigue, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, light-coloured stools, and abdominal pain. Symptoms typically appear 6 weeks to 6 months after exposure to the virus. Treatment options depend on whether the infection is acute or chronic. For acute hepatitis B, medical intervention may not be necessary, as the body often clears the virus on its own. In cases of chronic infection, antiviral medications can help manage the virus and reduce the risk of liver damage. Regular monitoring by a healthcare professional is essential to assess liver function and any potential complications. Complications of hepatitis B can include chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and an increased risk of liver cancer. Early detection and ongoing management are crucial for reducing these risks and maintaining liver health.
Japanese encephalitis
Japanese encephalitis is a viral infection that affects the brain and is primarily spread by mosquitoes. Those most at risk include individuals living in or travelling to rural areas of Asia, especially during the rainy season when mosquito populations are high. To reduce the risk of infection, it's important to take preventive measures such as using insect repellent, wearing long-sleeved clothing, and sleeping under mosquito nets. Vaccination is also recommended for people planning to spend extended periods in high-risk areas. Symptoms of Japanese encephalitis can range from mild to severe and may include fever, headache, neck stiffness, and confusion. In more severe cases, it can lead to seizures, paralysis, or even coma. Treatment primarily focuses on supportive care, as there is no specific antiviral treatment for the infection. This may involve hospitalisation for monitoring and managing symptoms. Early intervention is crucial for improving outcomes.
Kidney infection
Learn about kidney infection, known as pyelonephritis, which is a form of urinary tract infection. This condition can present various symptoms, including fever, chills, back or side pain, and painful urination. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to eliminate the infection, and in some cases, hospitalisation may be necessary for more severe infections. It’s important to seek medical attention if you experience persistent symptoms, severe pain, or notice blood in your urine, as prompt care can prevent complications.
Legionnaires' disease
Discover more about Legionnaires' disease, a rare yet serious lung infection that occurs when you breathe in water droplets containing the bacteria responsible for the illness.