Feeling sick or being sick
Feeling nauseous or actually being sick can be linked to a range of health issues. It's important to speak to a healthcare professional if you have this symptom.
When to seek medical help
If your feeling sick or being sick is severe, sudden, or accompanied by other concerning symptoms, seek urgent medical attention. Always consult a healthcare professional if you are concerned.
Conditions related to feeling sick or being sick
Acute kidney injury
Acute kidney injury (AKI) refers to a rapid decline in kidney function, which can lead to the kidneys not functioning effectively. This condition can vary in severity, from a slight reduction in kidney performance to total kidney failure.
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Carbon monoxide poisoning occurs when carbon monoxide (CO), a colourless and odourless gas, is inhaled, leading to harmful effects on the body. Common symptoms include headaches, dizziness, shortness of breath, nausea, confusion, and fatigue. In severe cases, it can lead to loss of consciousness or even death. If you suspect carbon monoxide poisoning, it’s crucial to get fresh air immediately. Leave the area and call for emergency medical help. Do not re-enter the space until it has been properly ventilated and checked for CO levels. The primary cause of carbon monoxide poisoning is the incomplete burning of fuels, which can occur in appliances such as gas boilers, stoves, or fireplaces. Other sources include car exhaust fumes and generators used indoors. Treatment typically involves administering oxygen to the affected person, which helps to remove carbon monoxide from the bloodstream. In severe cases, hyperbaric oxygen therapy may be necessary. To prevent carbon monoxide poisoning, ensure that all fuel-burning appliances are well-maintained and properly ventilated. Installing a carbon monoxide detector in your home can provide an early warning of dangerous levels of the gas. Regularly check and replace batteries in the detector to ensure it functions correctly.
Cholera
Cholera is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is primarily transmitted through contaminated water or food. To reduce the risk of contracting cholera, it’s essential to drink safe, clean water, eat properly cooked food, and practice good hygiene, especially in areas where cholera is common. Symptoms of cholera typically include severe diarrhoea, vomiting, and dehydration, which can develop rapidly. If you experience these symptoms, it is crucial to seek medical assistance immediately. Treatment for cholera mainly involves rehydration, often through oral rehydration solutions or intravenous fluids in more severe cases. Antibiotics may also be prescribed to shorten the duration of the illness. If you suspect you have cholera, contact your local healthcare provider or visit the nearest medical facility for prompt care.
Food allergy
Discover more about food allergies, including their symptoms, potential causes, and available treatment options.
Food poisoning
Food poisoning is an illness caused by consuming contaminated food or drink. Symptoms typically include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach cramps, and sometimes fever. These symptoms can appear within hours or days after eating contaminated food. If you suspect you have food poisoning, it’s important to stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, such as water or clear broths. You can also rest and avoid solid foods until you feel better. Gradually reintroducing bland foods like toast, rice, or bananas can help as you recover. However, you should seek medical attention if your symptoms are severe or persistent, if you experience signs of dehydration (such as dark urine or dizziness), or if you have a high fever. Vulnerable groups, including young children, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems, should also consult a doctor sooner. Food poisoning can be caused by various factors, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites found in improperly cooked or stored food. Common culprits include raw or undercooked meat, unwashed fruits and vegetables, and contaminated water. Practising good hygiene and food safety can help prevent these illnesses.
Heat exhaustion and heatstroke
Heat exhaustion and heatstroke occur when your body overheats, and both can be quite serious. These conditions typically arise during a heatwave or in hot climates, but they can also result from engaging in very strenuous exercise.
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A is a viral infection that primarily affects the liver. It is caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), which is typically transmitted through contaminated food or water, or through close contact with an infected person. Prevention is key when it comes to hepatitis A. Vaccination is highly effective in preventing the infection, and it is recommended for individuals at higher risk, such as travellers to certain countries, and those with specific health conditions. Practising good hygiene, such as thorough handwashing with soap and water, especially after using the toilet and before handling food, can also help reduce the risk of infection. Symptoms of hepatitis A can vary in severity and may include fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and jaundice, which is a yellowing of the skin and eyes. These symptoms usually appear two to six weeks after exposure to the virus and can last for several weeks. Most people recover from hepatitis A without requiring specific treatment, as the body typically clears the virus on its own. Rest, hydration, and a healthy diet can help support recovery. In rare cases, particularly in older adults or those with pre-existing liver conditions, hepatitis A can lead to more serious complications that may require medical attention.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver and can lead to both acute and chronic diseases. It is transmitted through contact with the blood or other bodily fluids of an infected person. Common routes of transmission include unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing needles, and from mother to baby during childbirth. Symptoms of hepatitis B can vary. Some individuals may experience mild symptoms or none at all, while others may develop more severe signs such as fatigue, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, light-coloured stools, and abdominal pain. Symptoms typically appear 6 weeks to 6 months after exposure to the virus. Treatment options depend on whether the infection is acute or chronic. For acute hepatitis B, medical intervention may not be necessary, as the body often clears the virus on its own. In cases of chronic infection, antiviral medications can help manage the virus and reduce the risk of liver damage. Regular monitoring by a healthcare professional is essential to assess liver function and any potential complications. Complications of hepatitis B can include chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and an increased risk of liver cancer. Early detection and ongoing management are crucial for reducing these risks and maintaining liver health.
Lactose intolerance
Lactose intolerance is a common condition where the body struggles to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. Symptoms typically include bloating, diarrhoea, stomach cramps, and flatulence, which usually occur within a few hours after consuming lactose-containing foods. To manage lactose intolerance, various treatments are available. Many individuals find relief by reducing or eliminating dairy from their diets. Lactose-free products are also widely available, allowing those affected to enjoy dairy without discomfort. Additionally, over-the-counter lactase enzyme supplements can help break down lactose when taken before meals. To determine if you have lactose intolerance, your doctor may recommend a few tests. The most common include the hydrogen breath test, where you breathe into a device to measure hydrogen levels after consuming a lactose-rich drink, and the lactose tolerance test, which checks blood glucose levels after lactose ingestion. Lactose intolerance can be caused by a deficiency in lactase, the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose. This deficiency can be genetic or develop over time, particularly in adulthood, as some people naturally produce less lactase as they age.
Leptospirosis (Weil's disease)
Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria known as Leptospira. These bacteria are often found in water or soil that has been contaminated with the urine of infected animals, particularly rodents. People can become infected through direct contact with contaminated water, soil, or even by handling animals that carry the bacteria. Symptoms of leptospirosis can vary widely, but they often start with flu-like signs such as fever, chills, headache, muscle pain, and fatigue. In some cases, it can progress to more severe symptoms, including jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), kidney damage, or respiratory issues. If you suspect you have leptospirosis, it is important to seek medical help promptly. Your GP can provide a diagnosis and recommend appropriate treatment, which typically involves antibiotics to help clear the infection. In more serious cases, hospitalisation may be necessary for supportive care. To reduce the risk of contracting leptospirosis, it's advisable to avoid swimming or wading in potentially contaminated water, wear protective clothing when dealing with animals or working in wet environments, and ensure proper sanitation and rodent control in your surroundings.