Headache
Headaches can be linked to a range of health issues. If you find yourself experiencing this symptom, it's advisable to seek guidance from a healthcare professional.
When to seek medical help
If your headache is severe, sudden, or accompanied by other concerning symptoms, seek urgent medical attention. Always consult a healthcare professional if you are concerned.
Conditions related to headache
Addison's disease
Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, is a condition where the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones, particularly cortisol and aldosterone. Symptoms of Addison's disease can include extreme fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, and darkening of the skin, as well as cravings for salt. The causes of this condition often involve autoimmune issues, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the adrenal glands, but it can also result from infections, such as tuberculosis, or other medical conditions that affect the adrenal glands. Treatment typically involves hormone replacement therapy to restore the levels of cortisol and aldosterone in the body. This is usually done through daily oral medications, and patients may need to adjust their dosage during times of stress, illness, or injury. With appropriate treatment, individuals with Addison's disease can lead healthy, active lives.
Erythema multiforme
Erythema multiforme is a condition that causes red patches or spots on the skin, often resembling target shapes. These lesions may appear on various parts of the body, including the arms, legs, and face. Common symptoms include itching, burning, or tenderness in the affected areas, and in more severe cases, blistering may occur. It’s important to seek medical attention if you notice symptoms, especially if they develop quickly or are accompanied by other signs like fever, sore throat, or difficulty swallowing. This could indicate a more serious condition that requires prompt treatment. Treatment for erythema multiforme typically focuses on managing symptoms and addressing any underlying causes. In mild cases, over-the-counter antihistamines or topical corticosteroids may help relieve discomfort. If the condition is more severe or recurrent, your doctor might prescribe stronger medications, such as oral corticosteroids or immunosuppressants, to help reduce inflammation. Always consult a healthcare professional for personalised advice and treatment options.
Glandular fever
Glandular fever, often caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, is an infectious illness that commonly affects young adults and teenagers. Symptoms typically include extreme fatigue, a high temperature, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and sometimes a rash. For self-care, it's important to rest and stay hydrated. Over-the-counter pain relievers can help manage fever and throat discomfort. It's also advisable to avoid strenuous activities, as this can prolong recovery. To prevent the spread of glandular fever, avoid sharing drinks, utensils, or engaging in close contact with others while symptomatic. Good hygiene practices, such as frequent hand washing, can also help reduce transmission. You should seek medical advice if symptoms worsen, if you experience difficulty breathing, or if you have severe abdominal pain. It's also wise to consult a doctor if you have persistent symptoms lasting more than a few weeks.
Hay fever
Learn about the signs and triggers of hay fever, who it impacts, and the treatment options that are available.
Heat exhaustion and heatstroke
Heat exhaustion and heatstroke occur when your body overheats, and both can be quite serious. These conditions typically arise during a heatwave or in hot climates, but they can also result from engaging in very strenuous exercise.
Hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus, often referred to as fluid on the brain, is a condition characterised by an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the cavities of the brain, known as ventricles. This build-up can lead to increased pressure inside the skull, potentially causing various symptoms. Common symptoms of hydrocephalus can vary by age. In infants, signs may include an unusually large head, rapid head growth, vomiting, irritability, and poor feeding. In older children and adults, symptoms might include headaches, blurred vision, balance problems, cognitive difficulties, and changes in personality. The causes of hydrocephalus can be diverse. It may occur due to congenital factors, meaning a person is born with the condition, or it can develop later in life due to factors such as brain injuries, infections like meningitis, tumours, or bleeding in the brain. There are several types of hydrocephalus. Communicating hydrocephalus occurs when the flow of CSF is blocked after it exits the ventricles, while non-communicating hydrocephalus results from a blockage within the ventricles themselves. Normal pressure hydrocephalus is a specific type that typically affects older adults and is characterised by an increase in CSF with normal ventricular size. Diagnosing hydrocephalus usually involves a combination of physical examinations and imaging tests, such as MRI or CT scans, which can help doctors assess the size of the ventricles and identify any underlying issues. Treatment often involves the surgical insertion of a shunt, a device that helps drain excess fluid from the brain to another part of the body, where it can be absorbed. In some cases, endoscopic third ventriculostomy may be performed, creating a new pathway for CSF flow. Complications of untreated hydrocephalus can be serious and may include permanent brain damage, cognitive impairments, and mobility issues. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial to managing the condition effectively and minimising potential complications.
Leptospirosis (Weil's disease)
Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria known as Leptospira. These bacteria are often found in water or soil that has been contaminated with the urine of infected animals, particularly rodents. People can become infected through direct contact with contaminated water, soil, or even by handling animals that carry the bacteria. Symptoms of leptospirosis can vary widely, but they often start with flu-like signs such as fever, chills, headache, muscle pain, and fatigue. In some cases, it can progress to more severe symptoms, including jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), kidney damage, or respiratory issues. If you suspect you have leptospirosis, it is important to seek medical help promptly. Your GP can provide a diagnosis and recommend appropriate treatment, which typically involves antibiotics to help clear the infection. In more serious cases, hospitalisation may be necessary for supportive care. To reduce the risk of contracting leptospirosis, it's advisable to avoid swimming or wading in potentially contaminated water, wear protective clothing when dealing with animals or working in wet environments, and ensure proper sanitation and rodent control in your surroundings.