Tummy pain
Abdominal pain can be linked to a range of health issues. It’s important to speak to a healthcare professional if you are experiencing this symptom.
When to seek medical help
If your tummy pain is severe, sudden, or accompanied by other concerning symptoms, seek urgent medical attention. Always consult a healthcare professional if you are concerned.
Conditions related to tummy pain
Cholera
Cholera is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is primarily transmitted through contaminated water or food. To reduce the risk of contracting cholera, it’s essential to drink safe, clean water, eat properly cooked food, and practice good hygiene, especially in areas where cholera is common. Symptoms of cholera typically include severe diarrhoea, vomiting, and dehydration, which can develop rapidly. If you experience these symptoms, it is crucial to seek medical assistance immediately. Treatment for cholera mainly involves rehydration, often through oral rehydration solutions or intravenous fluids in more severe cases. Antibiotics may also be prescribed to shorten the duration of the illness. If you suspect you have cholera, contact your local healthcare provider or visit the nearest medical facility for prompt care.
Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis is a condition characterised by severe liver scarring, which can result from various causes, including chronic alcohol abuse, viral hepatitis, and certain autoimmune diseases. The liver becomes damaged over time, leading to a decline in its ability to function properly. Symptoms of cirrhosis can vary greatly and may not appear until the disease is advanced. Common signs include fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, nausea, and weight loss. As the condition progresses, individuals might experience more severe symptoms such as jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), swelling in the legs and abdomen, and confusion or difficulty thinking clearly due to a buildup of toxins in the brain. Certain groups of people are at a higher risk of developing cirrhosis. This includes those with a history of heavy alcohol consumption, individuals infected with hepatitis B or C, and those with obesity or diabetes. Additionally, conditions like fatty liver disease and certain genetic disorders can also increase the likelihood of cirrhosis. Treatment for cirrhosis focuses on managing the underlying cause and preventing further liver damage. This may involve lifestyle changes, such as adopting a healthier diet, avoiding alcohol, and maintaining a healthy weight. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to manage symptoms or treat the underlying disease. If cirrhosis progresses to liver failure, a liver transplant may be necessary. Regular monitoring and check-ups with a healthcare professional are crucial for anyone at risk or diagnosed with cirrhosis.
Cyclical vomiting syndrome
Cyclical vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a disorder characterised by recurrent episodes of severe vomiting that can last for hours or even days. The symptoms typically include intense nausea, vomiting multiple times an hour, abdominal pain, and sometimes other symptoms like headaches or dizziness. The exact cause of CVS is not fully understood, but it may be linked to genetic factors, migraines, or stress. Certain triggers, such as specific foods, infections, or emotional stress, can provoke episodes in some individuals. Diagnosis of CVS often involves ruling out other conditions that could cause similar symptoms. This may include medical history reviews, physical examinations, and various tests to exclude other gastrointestinal or metabolic disorders. Treatment for CVS focuses on managing symptoms and preventing future episodes. This can include medications to control nausea and vomiting, lifestyle changes, and identifying and avoiding triggers. Support from healthcare professionals, including dietitians and mental health specialists, can also be beneficial for those affected by the condition.
Food allergy
Discover more about food allergies, including their symptoms, potential causes, and available treatment options.
Food intolerance
Food intolerance refers to difficulty digesting certain foods, leading to various symptoms. Common signs include bloating, stomach pain, gas, diarrhoea, and nausea, which can occur within a few hours or even days after consuming the problematic food. Unlike food allergies, food intolerances do not involve the immune system. Diagnosing food intolerance typically starts with a detailed discussion of your symptoms and eating habits with a healthcare professional. They may suggest keeping a food diary to track your meals and any related symptoms. In some cases, they might recommend specific tests, such as blood tests or elimination diets, to identify the offending food. Treatment for food intolerance primarily involves dietary management. This means avoiding the foods that trigger your symptoms. A dietitian can provide guidance on how to maintain a balanced diet while excluding certain foods. In some instances, over-the-counter medications may help alleviate symptoms, but it’s best to consult a healthcare provider before using them.
Food poisoning
Food poisoning is an illness caused by consuming contaminated food or drink. Symptoms typically include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach cramps, and sometimes fever. These symptoms can appear within hours or days after eating contaminated food. If you suspect you have food poisoning, it’s important to stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, such as water or clear broths. You can also rest and avoid solid foods until you feel better. Gradually reintroducing bland foods like toast, rice, or bananas can help as you recover. However, you should seek medical attention if your symptoms are severe or persistent, if you experience signs of dehydration (such as dark urine or dizziness), or if you have a high fever. Vulnerable groups, including young children, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems, should also consult a doctor sooner. Food poisoning can be caused by various factors, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites found in improperly cooked or stored food. Common culprits include raw or undercooked meat, unwashed fruits and vegetables, and contaminated water. Practising good hygiene and food safety can help prevent these illnesses.
Gastritis
Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach lining, which can lead to various symptoms. Common signs include stomach pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, and indigestion. Some individuals may also experience a loss of appetite or a feeling of fullness after eating small amounts. There are several reasons why gastritis can occur. It may be caused by factors such as excessive alcohol consumption, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), infections like Helicobacter pylori, or autoimmune disorders where the body's immune system attacks the stomach lining. Treatment for gastritis typically focuses on relieving symptoms and addressing the underlying cause. This may include dietary changes, medications to reduce stomach acid, and antibiotics if a bacterial infection is present. In some cases, avoiding irritants such as alcohol and certain medications can also help manage the condition. It's important to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and tailored treatment plan.
Gastroparesis
Gastroparesis is a condition that affects the stomach's ability to empty its contents properly. This delayed gastric emptying can lead to a range of uncomfortable symptoms. Common signs include nausea, vomiting, bloating, abdominal pain, and a feeling of fullness after eating only a small amount of food. Some people may also experience fluctuations in blood sugar levels due to the unpredictable digestion process. Diagnosis of gastroparesis typically involves a combination of medical history review, physical examinations, and specific tests. One common test is the gastric emptying study, where a patient consumes a meal containing a small amount of radioactive material to track how quickly food moves through the stomach. Other diagnostic methods might include an upper endoscopy or imaging tests. The causes of gastroparesis can vary. It is often linked to diabetes, particularly when high blood sugar levels damage the nerves that control stomach muscles. Other potential causes include certain medications, surgeries involving the stomach, and conditions such as Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis. Treatment for gastroparesis aims to manage symptoms and improve gastric emptying. This can include dietary changes, such as eating smaller, more frequent meals and avoiding high-fat and high-fibre foods that can slow digestion. In some cases, medications that stimulate stomach contractions or help manage nausea may be prescribed. Severe instances might require more advanced treatments, such as gastric electrical stimulation or, in rare cases, surgery.
Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism is a condition where the parathyroid glands produce too much parathyroid hormone (PTH). This can lead to elevated levels of calcium in the blood, which may result in various symptoms. Common signs include fatigue, weakness, kidney stones, bone pain, and increased thirst or urination. There are two main types of hyperparathyroidism: primary and secondary. Primary hyperparathyroidism is often caused by a benign tumour on one of the parathyroid glands, while secondary hyperparathyroidism usually occurs in response to low calcium levels, often due to kidney disease. Treatment options depend on the severity of the condition and the symptoms present. In cases of primary hyperparathyroidism, surgical removal of the affected gland(s) is often recommended. For secondary hyperparathyroidism, managing the underlying cause, such as improving kidney function, may help. Additionally, medications may be prescribed to help control calcium levels or manage symptoms. It's important to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and to discuss the most suitable treatment plan.
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism is a condition where the parathyroid glands do not produce enough parathyroid hormone (PTH). This hormone is essential for regulating calcium levels in the blood and maintaining bone health. When PTH levels are low, it can lead to a decrease in calcium levels, resulting in various symptoms. Common symptoms of hypoparathyroidism may include tingling or numbness in the fingers and toes, muscle cramps or spasms, fatigue, anxiety, and in some cases, seizures. Individuals might also experience dry skin, brittle nails, and hair loss. Treatment for hypoparathyroidism typically involves managing calcium and vitamin D levels to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications. This often includes oral calcium supplements and active forms of vitamin D, which help to increase calcium absorption from the diet. In some cases, additional medications may be prescribed to help regulate calcium levels more effectively. Regular monitoring by a healthcare professional is essential to ensure proper management of the condition.
Inflammatory bowel disease
Learn about inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including its symptoms, treatment options, causes, and available support. IBD encompasses conditions such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, which result in chronic inflammation of the digestive tract. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhoea, weight loss, and fatigue. Treatment typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and manage symptoms, and in some cases, surgery may be necessary. The exact cause of IBD remains unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors. For support, there are numerous resources available, including patient organisations and online communities that can provide information and connect you with others facing similar challenges.
Japanese encephalitis
Japanese encephalitis is a viral infection that affects the brain and is primarily spread by mosquitoes. Those most at risk include individuals living in or travelling to rural areas of Asia, especially during the rainy season when mosquito populations are high. To reduce the risk of infection, it's important to take preventive measures such as using insect repellent, wearing long-sleeved clothing, and sleeping under mosquito nets. Vaccination is also recommended for people planning to spend extended periods in high-risk areas. Symptoms of Japanese encephalitis can range from mild to severe and may include fever, headache, neck stiffness, and confusion. In more severe cases, it can lead to seizures, paralysis, or even coma. Treatment primarily focuses on supportive care, as there is no specific antiviral treatment for the infection. This may involve hospitalisation for monitoring and managing symptoms. Early intervention is crucial for improving outcomes.