Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is a type of bacteria that can lead to serious infections, particularly in young children. It is known to cause a variety of illnesses, including meningitis, pneumonia, and epiglottitis, which is an inflammation of the throat that can obstruct breathing. Symptoms of Hib infections can vary depending on the type of illness but may include high fever, headache, stiff neck, difficulty breathing, and a sore throat.
The bacteria are typically spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. While Hib was once a common cause of severe illness in children, the introduction of the Hib vaccine has significantly reduced the incidence of these infections.
Vaccination is the best way to prevent Hib disease. The Hib vaccine is usually given to infants as part of their routine immunisations, typically at two, four, and twelve to fifteen months of age. This vaccine has proven to be highly effective in protecting against infections caused by Hib.