Diarrhoea or constipation
Diarrhoea and constipation can be linked to a range of health issues. It's important to speak to a healthcare professional if you are experiencing either of these symptoms.
When to seek medical help
If your diarrhoea or constipation is severe, sudden, or accompanied by other concerning symptoms, seek urgent medical attention. Always consult a healthcare professional if you are concerned.
Conditions related to diarrhoea or constipation
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A is a viral infection that primarily affects the liver. It is caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), which is typically transmitted through contaminated food or water, or through close contact with an infected person. Prevention is key when it comes to hepatitis A. Vaccination is highly effective in preventing the infection, and it is recommended for individuals at higher risk, such as travellers to certain countries, and those with specific health conditions. Practising good hygiene, such as thorough handwashing with soap and water, especially after using the toilet and before handling food, can also help reduce the risk of infection. Symptoms of hepatitis A can vary in severity and may include fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and jaundice, which is a yellowing of the skin and eyes. These symptoms usually appear two to six weeks after exposure to the virus and can last for several weeks. Most people recover from hepatitis A without requiring specific treatment, as the body typically clears the virus on its own. Rest, hydration, and a healthy diet can help support recovery. In rare cases, particularly in older adults or those with pre-existing liver conditions, hepatitis A can lead to more serious complications that may require medical attention.
Lactose intolerance
Lactose intolerance is a common condition where the body struggles to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. Symptoms typically include bloating, diarrhoea, stomach cramps, and flatulence, which usually occur within a few hours after consuming lactose-containing foods. To manage lactose intolerance, various treatments are available. Many individuals find relief by reducing or eliminating dairy from their diets. Lactose-free products are also widely available, allowing those affected to enjoy dairy without discomfort. Additionally, over-the-counter lactase enzyme supplements can help break down lactose when taken before meals. To determine if you have lactose intolerance, your doctor may recommend a few tests. The most common include the hydrogen breath test, where you breathe into a device to measure hydrogen levels after consuming a lactose-rich drink, and the lactose tolerance test, which checks blood glucose levels after lactose ingestion. Lactose intolerance can be caused by a deficiency in lactase, the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose. This deficiency can be genetic or develop over time, particularly in adulthood, as some people naturally produce less lactase as they age.