Heart block
Heart block is a condition where the electrical signals in the heart are disrupted, affecting its ability to beat normally. Symptoms can vary but often include fatigue, dizziness, fainting, and in some cases, chest pain.
There are several causes of heart block, including coronary artery disease, heart surgery, certain medications, and conditions that affect the heart muscle, such as myocarditis or cardiomyopathy.
Heart block is classified into three main types: first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree (also known as complete heart block). First-degree heart block is the mildest form, where signals are delayed but still reach the heart's chambers. Second-degree heart block has two subtypes, with some signals failing to reach the heart, leading to skipped beats. Third-degree heart block is the most severe, where no signals reach the heart, causing it to beat independently and often too slowly.
Diagnosis typically involves an electrocardiogram (ECG), which records the heart's electrical activity, along with other tests such as Holter monitoring or an exercise stress test to assess the heart's function over time.
Treatment options depend on the severity and type of heart block. Mild cases may not require treatment, while more serious cases could necessitate the use of a pacemaker, a device that helps regulate the heart's rhythm. Support may also include lifestyle changes, medication management, and regular monitoring by a healthcare professional to manage symptoms and reduce risks.